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Objective To examine role and possible mechanism of enriched environment (EE) on regulating recovery of visual function in adult monocular deprivation amblyopia mice.Methods A total of 72 healthyKunming mice were divided into normal control group,monocular deprivation (MD) group,MD+EE group and M D+ fluoxetine group by random number table.Except for the normal control group,the mice in the other groups were sutured on the right eyelid 21 days after birth to establish MD amblyopia model.the mice were fed in standard environment or EE for 4 weeks according to the group.Visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of mice in each group were detected.The distribution of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of MAP2,synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice were detected by western blot.The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hunan Children's Hospital and conformed to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.Results There was a significant difference in the visual acuity of deprived eye among each group (F=114.632,P＜0.001).The visual acuity in MD group is lower than that in normal control group,with a significant difference (t =15.480,P＜0.001).Compared with MD group,visual acuity was restored in MD+ EE group and MD +fluoxetine group,with significant differences (t =15.071,P ＜ 0.001;t =14.841,P ＜ 0.001).There was a significant difference in the P2 latency and amplitude of F-VEP in deprived eye among each group (F=36.510,P=0.000;F=34.140,P=0.000).Compare with normal control group,P2 latency was prolonged and P2 amplitude of F-VEP was decreased in deprived eye in MD group,with significant differences (t =10.220,P =0.000;t =10.09,P =0.000).Western blot assay showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of MAP2 in visual cortex contralateral deprived eye among each group (F=18.142,P=0.000).The expression of MAP2 in MD group was significantly lower than that in normal contral group (t=3.056,P＜0.01);Compared with MD group,MAP2 expression was increased in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group (t =2.541,P =0.031;t =2.157,P =0.017).There were significant differences in the expression of SYP and PSD-95 in visual cortex contralateral to deprived eye among each group (F =12.871,P =0.000;F =25.060,P =0.000).Compared with normal contral group,SYP and PSD-95 expression in visual cortex were down-regulated in MD group,with significant differences (t =6.054,P =0.000;t =8.631,P =0.000).The expression of SYP and PSD-95 protein in MD+EE group and MD+fluoxetine group were significantly higher than those in MD group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions EE can recover visual function through up-regulating the expression of MAP2,which can modulate the dendritic branch trim and neural plasticity of visual cortex in adult MD mice.
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Epithelial mesenchymal transition is a kind of important pathophysiological phenomenon,which refers to a biological processe that epithelial cell turns into another cell with mesenchymal phenotype undergoing a specific procedure.Once the tumor cell acquires mesenchymal cell molecular phenotype,it will enable stationary epithelial cells to gain the ability to migrate and invade as single cells,being easy to break away from the original tumor and move to the distal organs with blood flow.The occurrence of epithelial mesenchymal transition involves a variety of signal transduction pathways,which relates to inducing factors,transcription factors and so on.The occurrence and development of breast cancer is influenced by many factors and many signal transduction pathways.In recent years,the research of tumor suppressor and tumor resistance is more extensive.In this paper,a review of epithelial mesenchymal transition related signaling pathways in breast cancer is presented.
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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in clinic,and its pathogenesis has been extensively studied by people.miRNA play an important regulatory role in normal breast cell proliferation and apoptosis,they are widely involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and are attracting more and more attention as new tumor markers.The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways involved in breast cancer and other malignancies have long been confirmed.Recent studies have shown that a variety of important members of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can be regulated as miRNA target genes,affecting the occurrence and development of breast cancer.At the same time,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway changes can also cause the expression of related miRNA changes.Both miRNA and Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathways play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer,but the complex regulatory relationship between them has not been elucidated yet.Therefore,in this review,the roles of miRNA and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer and its relationship with each other are reviewed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the complex pathogenesis of breast cancer and to explore new diagnostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer,provide a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Objective This study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction on the plasticity of visual cortex in adult monocular deprivation (MD) amblyopic mice,as well as to promote the treatment of amblyopia,and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of this benefical effect.Methods Fifty healthy newborn Kunming mice of clean grade were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table method:normal control group (n =14),MD+ ad libitum group (n=18) and MD+ caloric restriction group (n=18).A mouse model of adult MD amblyopia was established,and caloric restriction intervention and ad libitum were performed on MD + caloric restriction group and MD+ ad libitum group,respectively.The visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) of each group were detected.The synaptic structure of visual cortex neurons was observed by transmission electron microscope,and the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase-α(p-AMPKα) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in visual cortex were detected by Western blot.The animal feeding and use was in accordance with the standards set by the ARVO.Results The weight of mice in MD+ caloric restriction group increased from the beginning of the first week,and was significantly lower than that in the MD + ad libitum group (P＜0.05).Compared with the MD+ ad libitum group,the visual acuity was restored,the latency was shortened,and the amplitude of F-VEP was increased in the deprived eyes of MD+ caloric restriction group (all at P＜0.05).Transmission electron microscope observation showed that the width of synaptic gap of visual cortical neurons was significantly narrower,and the thickness of postsynaptic density was significantly thicker in MD+ caloric restriction group than that in the MD+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05);compared with the normal control group,the synaptic gap was widened and the postsynaptic density was significantly thicker than that in the MD+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05).Western blot showed that the expression of p-AMPKα in visual cortex in the normal control group,MD+ caloric restriction group and MD+ ad libitum group was 0.89±0.03,0.94±0.02 and 0.74 ±0.02,and the expression of SIRT1 was 0.97±0.11,0.95±0.14 and 0.58±0.13,respectively,showing significant differences among the three groups (F =14.57,P =0.00;F=23.91,P=0.00),the expressions of p-AMPKα and SIRT1 in visual cortex were increased in MD+ caloric restriction group than those in M D+ ad libitum group (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Caloric restriction can restore the ultrastructure of synapses and improve the visual cortical plasticity in adult MD mice,so that help to improve visual function.Its mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK-SIRT1 pathway.
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Objective To explore the application of reading education in cultivating nursing students' humanities in vocational college.Methods Nursing students were selected at random and divided into two groups,35 students in the experimental group and 50 in the control group.The students in the experimental group were given the 2-year related instruction through reading activities in the light of the principle enhance general humanities foundation in the first grade and strengthen humanistic features in the second grade.Nursing skill assessment and questionnaire oriented to humanities were used to test the educational effect.Results The result of nursing skill assessment in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group.The score of humanities' moral,law,culture and aesthetic dimension and the total score of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusions Well targeted reading is effective in the cultivation of nursing students' humanities.Meanwhile reading education can serve as an important and beneficial way to improve the cultivation mode of vocational college's nursing humanities.
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Objective To investigate the effect of remifentanil and fentanyl on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents in rat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the NMDA receptor currents.The primary cultured E14SD rat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons (DH cells) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each):remifentanil group (group R),fentanyl group (group F) and control group (group C).DH cells were perfused with 4 nmol/L remifentanil (group R) or 10 μmol/L fentanyl (group F) for 60 min followed by washout.NMDA receptor currents were recorded immediately after administration (T0),at 15,30,45 and 60 min of action of drugs (T1-4),and at 15 and 30 min (T5-6) after washout.Results Compared with group C,no significant change in the peak NMDA receptor current was found at each time point in group F and at T0 and T1 in group R (P ＞ 0.05),and the peak NMDA receptor current was significantly increased at T2-6 in group R (P ＜ 0.01).The peak NMDA receptor current was significantly higher at T2-6 than at T0,while lower at T2-4 and T6 than at T5 in group R (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Remifentanil can increase NMDA receptor function in rat spinal cord horn neurons,and the peak effect is reached after washout,but fentanyl dose not have the effect.
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0.05).However,the effect on decreasing mean yearly incidence of RRTI and duration of each onset in group A was superior to that in group B(P0.05).【Conclusion】JY can reduce the mean yearly incidence of RRTI and duration of each onset in preschool children with RRTI,and its mechanism may be related to the regualtion of cellular immune function by improving the parameters of subgroups of T lymphocytes.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance in monitoring the dynamic oxygenated parameters in full-term neonates with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its relationship with the prognosis. Methods Forty-one full-term neonates with ARDS from 3 hospitals were divided into two groups according to the clinical outcomes: the death group (n=17) and the survival group (n=24). The parameters of breathing machine and arterial blood gas analysis in these two groups at 2 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after mechanical ventilation were analyzed retrospectively. PaO_2/FiO_2, A-aDO_2, PaO_2/P_AO_2 and RI were calculated and compared between the two groups and within each group among the values of different period. Results Under the circumstance that parameters of breathing machine in the death group were obviously or gradually higher than those in the survival group, PaO_2 in the death group [(10.38?1.45)kPa] was lower than that in the survival group [(11.42?0.98)kPa] only at 36 h (P0.05). In the death group, PaO_2/FiO_2 at 24 h and 36 h [(15.86?4.92)kPa and (15.99?5.62)kPa] was lower than that in the survival group [(21.18?6.48)kPa and (27.12?8.33)kPa](P0.05) . Conclusions PaO2is not a sensitive indicator on the prognosisof NRDSinits early stage . PaO2/Fi O2, A-aDO2, PaO2/PAO2and RI are better than PaO2to reflectthe degree of lung injury ,oxygen exchange rate and therapeutic efficacy . A-aDO2and PaO2/PAO2arevery sensitive in assessing the therapeutic effect and the dynamic monitoring may be helpful injudgingthe prognosis .
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Objective:To observe the effects of blind nasal intubation in maxillofacial anesthesia.Methods:The effects of 1000 cases with blind nasal intubation under NLA were analyzed.Results:The results showed that 736 cases(73.5%) were intubated within 10 minutes,212 cases(21.2%)within 11～20minutes and 45 cases(4.5%) within 21～30 minutes and only 7 patients(0.8%) were obliged to receive tracheostomy.There were neither obvious adverse effects of the cardiovascular system during intubation nor postoperative memory of the intubation in all patients.Conclusion:The results suggest that blind nasotracheal intubation is an useful and safe technique for maxillofacial surgery.
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0.05),There were 2 cases of nausea and one case of vomit in Lornoxicam group,as compared with 8 cases of nausea and 4 cases of vomit in Tramadol group.The number of nausea is 2 vs 8(P